關於國父

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關於國父國父生平1866~1894
關於國父
About Dr. Sun Yat-sen
國父生平1866~1894
少年潛心向學 立志救國救民

西元 1866 年
清同治 5 年
十一月十二日
Nov. 12
誕生於廣東省香山縣(今中山縣)翠亨村。
Sun was born in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan (today’s Zhongshan) County, Guangdong Province.
西元 1872 年
清同治 11 年

入村塾啟蒙。
Sun entered a traditional private tutor school.
西元 1879 年
清光緒 5 年
六月
June
到夏威夷茂宜島茄荷蕾埠孫眉開設的商店當店員。後入盤羅河學校習算術等科。
Sun arrived at Kahulu on Maui, Hawaii, where he was employed by his brother Sun Mei as a shop attendant and later enrolled in a primary school.

August
就讀於檀香山意奧蘭尼書院習英文。
Sun attended Iolani School in Honolulu to study English.
西元 1882 年
清光緒 8 年
七月
July
畢業於意奧蘭尼書院。
Sun graduated from the Iolani School.
西元 1883 年
清光緒 9 年

Spring
改入奧阿厚學院 ( 現名普納賀學校 )。
Sun transferred to the Oahu College (today's Punahou School) in Honolulu.

Summer
奉兄德彰公命返鄉。
Instructed by his brother Sun De-Zhang, Sun went back to hometown in China.

Autumn
赴香港入拔萃書院,年底加入基督教。
Sun entered the Diocesan Home in Hong Kong. Around the end of the year, Sun converted to Christianity.
西元 1884 年
清光緒 10 年

Spring
轉學香港中央書院(現名皇仁學院)。
Sun transferred to the Queen’s College in Hong Kong.
五月
May
娶盧夫人慕貞。
He married Ms. Lu Mu-zhen.
十一月
November
再赴檀香山。
Sun went to Honolulu again.
西元 1885 年
清光緒 11 年
四月
April
自檀香山歸國。
Sun returned back to China from Honolulu.
六月
June
中法戰爭清廷戰勝卻屈辱求和,與法簽訂「天津條約」,割讓安南;先生目睹此一情況乃決志傾覆朝廷、創建民國。
After the Qing Court won the Sino-French War but signed the humiliating Tianjin Treaty and ceded Vietnam to France, Sun determined to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and build the republic.

Summer
畢業於中央書院。
Sun graduated from the Queen’s College.
西元 1886 年
清光緒 12 年

入廣州博濟醫院附設醫科學校習醫。遇三合會鄭士良與之訂交,開始鼓吹革命。
Sun enrolled in the Canton (Pok-Tsai) Hospital Medical College, where he met Zheng Shi-liang of the Triad and began advocating his revolution ideas.
西元 1887 年
清光緒 13 年
一月
January
轉入香港西醫書院,鼓吹革命益力。
Sun transferred to the College of Medicine for Chinese in Hong Kong and increased his efforts in advocating revolution ideas.
西元 1888 年
清光緒 14 年
三月
March
父達成公卒,享年七十六歲。
Sun’s father Sun Da-cheng passed away at the age of 76.
西元 1890 年
清光緒 16 年

在香港讀書時,與楊鶴齡、陳少白、尢列倡言革命,時人稱為「四大寇」。
孫中山曾寫信給已退職的香山縣籍清朝官員鄭藻如,信中提出學習西方、改造中國的主張。這封《致鄭藻如書》是迄今發現的孫中山最早的作品。
Sun developed close comradeship with classmates Yang He-ling, Chen Shao-bai and You Lie. Four of them were nicknamed the “Four Desperados.”
In his letter to a retired official, Zheng Zao-ru, who was a native of his hometown, Sun pointed out that China should learn from the West and reform itself.
西元 1891 年
清光緒 17 年
十月
October
子孫科(哲生)誕生。
Sun’s son, Sun Fo (Zhe-sheng), was born.
西元 1892 年
清光緒 18 年
七月
July
以第一名畢業於西醫書院。畢業後在澳門鏡湖醫院當醫師。
Sun graduated from the College of Medicine for Chinese, Hong Kong, with the most outstanding records and started his internship at the Kiang Wu Hospital in Macao.
十二月
December
設「中西藥局」施醫贈藥於澳門。
Sun opened the West-Orient Pharmacy in Macao.
西元 1893 年
清光緒 19 年

Spring
遷設藥局於廣州,改名「東西藥局」,藉醫術掩護革命。
Sun renamed his pharmacy as East-West Pharmacy and moved it to Guangzhou as a camouflage for his revolutionary campaign.
西元 1894 年
清光緒 20 年
年初
Spring
在鄉間用十幾天時間草擬《上李鴻章書》,論述了「富強之大經,治國之大本」在於「人能盡其才,地能盡其利,物能盡其用,貨能暢其流」。
After staying more than 10 days in the countryside, Sun completed drafting his proposal to Li Hong-zhang, in which he stated that the essential principle of statism for development lies in full utilization of human, land, and natural resources and free circulation of commodities.

Summer
棄醫,偕陸皓東至天津上書李鴻章,旋游歷北京、武漢、觀察形勢。
Sun quit medical practice and went to Tianjin with Lu Hao-dong to present his proposal (see above) to Li Hong-zhang. He then traveled through Beijing and Wuhan to survey the situation in China.
十月
October
自滬經日本赴檀香山。
Sun visited Honolulu again.
十一月
Nov. 24
廿四日在檀香山創立興中會。
Sun established the Xing Zhong Hui (Revive China Society) in Honolulu.
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